Basketball is a team sport in which two teams, usually each with five players, compete against one another on a rectangular court with the main goal of stopping the opposing team from shooting through their own hoop while using a basketball with a diameter of about 9.4 inches (24 cm) to go through the defender’s hoop, which is a basket with a diameter of 18 inches (46 cm) mounted 10 feet (3.048 m) high to a backboard at each end of the court. Except when made from beyond the three-point line, a field goal is worth three points. Timed play is stopped after a foul, and the player who committed the foul or who was chosen to attempt a technical foul is awarded one, two, or three one-point free throws. The team with the most points at the conclusion of regulation play wins, but if the score is tied after regular play ends, extra time (overtime) must be played.
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Players move the ball forward by either passing it to a teammate or bouncing it while running or walking (dribbling), both of which demand a high level of ability. Players can use a variety of shots on offence, such as layups, jump shots, and dunks. On defence, they can steal the ball from a player who is dribbling, intercept passes, or block shots. Finally, either the offence or the defence can grab rebounds, which are missed shots that rebound off the rim or backboard. It is against the rules to carry the ball, elevate or drag one’s pivot foot when not dribbling, or hold the ball in both hands before starting to dribble again.
There are five playing positions for each side’s five players. The centre is typically the tallest player, the power forward is second tallest and strongest, the small forward is slightly shorter but more agile, and the shooting guard and point guard are the shortest players or best ball handlers. The point guard manages the execution of offensive and defensive plays to carry out the coach’s game plan (player positioning). Players may play one-on-one, two-on-two, and three-on-three informally.
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Basketball was created in 1891 by Canadian-American gym instructor James Naismith in Springfield, Massachusetts, and has since grown to be one of the most well-liked and watched sports in the world.
[1][2] In terms of fandom, earnings, skill, and degree of competitiveness, the National Basketball Association (NBA) is the most major professional basketball league in the world. [3][4] The best teams from national leagues outside of North America are eligible to compete in continental competitions like the EuroLeague and the Basketball Champions League Americas. The sport’s two biggest international competitions, the Men’s Olympic Basketball Tournament and the FIBA Basketball Globe Cup, draw the best national teams from all over the world. Regional contests for national teams, like as EuroBasket and the FIBA AmeriCup, are held on each continent.
Top national teams from continental championships compete in the Women’s Olympic Basketball Tournament and FIBA Women’s Basketball World Cup. The WNBA, along with the popular NCAA Women’s Division I Basketball Championship, is the primary North American league, while the most powerful European teams play in the EuroLeague Women.
History
In order to keep his gym class busy on a wet day in December 1891, James Naismith, a Canadian professor of physical education and teacher at the International Young Men’s Christian Association Training School (now Springfield College) in Springfield, Massachusetts,[5] tried to employ games. [6] During the lengthy New England winters, he looked for a challenging indoor game to keep his kids engaged and at the right levels of fitness. He created a new game in which players would throw a ball to teammates and attempt to score points by tossing the ball into a basket installed on a wall after rejecting earlier concepts as being too harsh or inadequate for walled-in gymnasiums. Naismith penned the fundamental guidelines and fastened a fruit basket on a raised track. Naismith first constructed the peach basket with its bottom intact, necessitating the laborious retrieval of the ball after each “basket” or point made. After a short while, this became tiresome, so Naismith removed the bottom of the basket to make it possible to remove the balls with a long dowel after each successful basket.
A soccer ball was initially used to play basketball. When the remaining sewn-together pieces of the ball’s cover were turned inside-out, the spherical “association football” balls were manufactured with a pair of laces to seal up the opening required for inserting the inflating bladder. [7] [8] these laces could make dribbling and bounce passes unpredictable. [9] A lace-free ball production technique was eventually developed, and Naismith approved of this game improvement. (In contrast, American football still uses its original lace structure since it was found to be better for grasping.) The original basketballs created expressly for basketball were brown, and Tony Hinkle didn’t introduce the orange ball that is now standard use until the late 1950s while looking for a ball that would be more visible to players and spectators alike. The only dribbling in the original game was the “bounce pass” to teammates. The main way to move the ball was by passing. When dribbling was ultimately added, it was restricted by the early balls’ asymmetrical design. Uncertain – discuss by 1896, dribbling was widespread, and by 1898, there was a regulation forbidding double dribbling. [10]
The peach baskets remained in use until 1906, when metal hoops with backboards were finally introduced. The situation quickly changed, resulting in the ball just passing through. Each time a player put the ball in the goal, his team would score a point. The winning team was the one with the most points. [11] The baskets were initially fastened to the playing court’s mezzanine balcony, but this became unworkable when onlookers started to obstruct shots. The backboard was invented to stop this interference; it also made it possible for rebound shots. [12] The handwritten journals of Naismith, which his granddaughter stumbled across in the beginning of 2006, show that he was anxious about the new game he had created, which included the rules of a kid’s game called duck on a rock, since many had failed before it. [13]
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After the Christmas holiday, in the early months of 1892, Frank Mahan, one of the participants in the original first game, asked Naismith what he meant to title his new sport. Naismith said that he hadn’t since he had been preoccupied with getting the game going. Mahan offered calling it “Naismith ball,” to which he chuckled and said that such a moniker would put an end to any game. When asked why not name it basketball, Mahan said. “We have a basket and a ball, and it seems to me it would be a fine name for it,” Naismith retorted. [14] [15] On January 20, 1892, a nine-player official game was played at the YMCA gym in Albany, New York. The shot, which was taken from 25 feet (7.6 metres) away on a court that was only half the size of a modern Streetball or National Basketball Association (NBA) court, resulted in a 1-0 victory for the team.
Soccer was being played at the time with 10 on a side (which was increased to 11). Teams were brought within when it became too chilly to play soccer outside; it was handy to divide them in half and play basketball with five people on each side. Five-person teams had become the norm by 1897–1898.
